Introduction Few sounds induce more anxiety in a driver than stepping on the accelerator and hearing what sounds like spray paint marbles rattling inside a tin can. This metallic pinging or rattling is universally known as engine knocking. While older, low-compression engines from the 1990s were relatively forgiving of poor…
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Stage 1 vs Stage 2 ECU Tuning Explained (An Engineer’s Guide)
When you purchase a modern turbocharged vehicle, you are not buying an engine that operates at its maximum mechanical potential. You are buying an engine that has been deliberately restricted by a digital gatekeeper: the Engine Control Unit (ECU). Automakers globally program ECUs with incredibly wide safety margins. They must…